Discuss the view that American urban government was more corrupt but Essay

Discuss the view that American urban government was more corrupt but more democratic than its British equivalent in the late nineteenth century - Essay Example Apart from these considerations, questions of class, race and gender, through topics such as the roles of women, the impact of slavery and the experience of immigration, are dealt with. Before delving any further into the differences that marked the individual approaches of urban governance for these two nations, it would be imperative to indulge in a minor ‘scene setting’ exercise. Besides sharing obvious similarities in terms of language, a liberal and cultural heritage, and a democratic political system, Britain and the United States have also had pronounced differences, for their economic, political, and social structures have developed in distinctive ways. If we were to compare and contrast the historical course of the two countries and explore the significance of their similarities and differences over a period of two centuries, we would come up with wide ranging and up-to-date analyses of such issues as industrialization and urbanization, democracy and politics, class and gender, and citizenship and welfare. That brings us straight to the topic at hand: In the late nineteenth century, was American urban government more corrupt, yet more democrat ic than that of its British counterpart? To understand the relevance of the question and its subsequent answer, one would need to consider the social structure of the two countries and justify the description of Britain as a class and America as a status society since the 1870s. This prompts us to explore the responses of the two countries to social problems and, in particular the reasons following which the two countries took such different responses to the question of welfare. Finally, by considering the relationship between welfare, industrialization, democracy, class conflict, social control and ideological change in the two countries, the purpose of historical enquiry and explanation will be reached. A

Child Development Punishment and Deterrence Essay Example for Free

Child Development Punishment and Deterrence Essay When discuss children and issues that we have with them we to be sensitive and have a sympathetic ear meaning we have to listen before we disciple them. We will discuss how to use techniques and solutions that can prevent our children from committing mistakes that can be fatal. With children now they have pretty much gotten away with disrespecting no just adults and the parent but themselves as well. So we find ways to discipline them by taking away video game and leisure time but that sometimes does work why, is because we have spent so much time buying things to occupy their time due to our absence and lack of discipline when the time is appropriate. Now the child has gotten away with so much while he or she is little they tend to be more bold with words and more disrespectful and then we have had it and want them out or we want help from others if you ask me it’s no one else’s business it should stay in the family. This is because if this gets out about your child misbehaving it can go both ways, it can help you ask far reaching out for help because others have the same problems and can’t find a solution so the group can work together and find ways to fix the problem. Or you can take your child to Dr. Phil which to me is embarrassing because you actually have to expose this problem to the world about a child! You can’t raise your or control your household where you pay bills, and provide a roof with food and water available at any time â€Å"DISRESPECTFUL†. We tend to use the old ways of punishment like belts and extension cords etc. But you can’t do that anymore we have counseling, psychiatrists, and the law! I say the law because now if you hit a child and he or she calls the police you’re going to jail and will be frowned upon and possibly humiliated. The belt method in my opinion should be used from ages 2-10 I know it sound harsh but I rather punish my child now than see them in a grave later because of lack of acknowledgement of what right and what’s wrong this could be a life and death situation. Here is an example remember the â€Å"Menendez Brothers† Lyle and Erik Menendez shoot their parents, Jose and Kitty, to death in the den of the familys Beverly Hills, California, home. They then drove up to Mulholland Drive, where they dumped their shotguns before continuing to a local movie theater to buy tickets as an alibi. When the pair returned home, Lyle called 911 and cried, Somebody killed my parents! The Menendez murders became a national sensation when the new television network, Court TV, broadcast the trial in 1993. Although the Menendez brothers were not immediately suspected, Erik couldnt take the guilt and confessed his involvement to his psychotherapist, Dr. L. Jerome Oziel. Ignoring his own ethical responsibilities, Dr. Oziel taped the sessions with his new patient in an apparent attempt to impress his mistress. But the woman ended up going to the police with her information and, in March 1990, Lyle, 22, and Erik, 19, were arrested. http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-menendez-brothers-murder-their-parents Now we can debate why did these children do this? Is it because of lack of punishment maybe the kids were spoiled and had nothing to challenge them and decided to make names for them by creating a violent episode, or maybe they we sick psychologically what do you think? More than 20% of the inmates in the cook county jail range from ages 16-30. This is very true because crime for these individuals have risen due to the fact of single home parenting while results in most cases kids joining gangs and being embraced by the streets. I have a clue but I can’t really tell you why these crimes are so high it’s like they have little no regards for the law. But we have to teach them when they are young and encourage them to do better and live a long life and show them why crime doesn’t pay versus telling them. No as far as deterrence this is a problem and I’m going to tell you of my experience being a soldier put in that position. In 2005 Hurricane Katrina hit Louisiana it was so tragic that for everyone to see around the world was involved in the recovery efforts. I volunteered to go down and do whatever so I served as a second hand but only in uniform. But when my unit got called up to go down there we had a mission to patrol the streets and put up road blocks and issue a curfew. This was not good we had stopped a few people and I could see the terror in their eyes because they had men in uniform that had US Army insignia with M-16’s like we were at war. We were supposed to be helping others not putting more resistance on them as far as taking away there last bit of freedom but we had no choice because the police were corrupt and had fled the state so we were now the lawmen as well as the rescuers. Here we are with these large vehicles rolling down the street 5-10 HUMVEE’s in a row with all this gear, this made people more afraid that safe they didn’t know what to do. But the point is that if we launch our on people against each other its’ like genocide what would happen if you had relative that were known for trouble in Kentucky and you are deployed down there and have to confront one of them in an effort to clean up and make peace this is difficult do you arrest them, talk to them, engage them your own blood? Military should be the last and final resort. I just believe the FBI and its task force should be deployed in a summer and take over the streets because they carry stiffer penalties when you commit crimes of violent nature such as murder and possession of firearms etc. References (http://www.nicic.gov/) http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-menendez-brothers-murder-their-parents

Influence Of Humanism During The Renaissance Period Music Essay

Influence Of Humanism During The Renaissance Period Music Essay The influence of Humanism during the Renaissance period gave an enormous impact on the development of western music, where the revival in the study of Greek and Latin literature took place that result in new styles of music composed. The word Humanism is derived from the fifteenth century Italian term called umanista, which may be referred to as a scholar or teacher. This includes professions in all divisions such as poetry and philosophy, and thus the gaining of those intellectual properties and knowledge was the main focus of the humanities studies. This intellectual expansion in culture and secular ideologies was the humanism influence that covered vast aspects of peoples perspectives towards their lives during the Renaissance. One of the areas that were certainly affected by Humanism was music, where towards the sixteenth century more and more composers saw music as artistic works rather than mathematics equations, and they should be consisted of individual expression and delight senses. These ideas were supported by humanists and scholars such as Pietro Bembo, who stood as a vital figure on explaining how important the use of sonority in words and also words within the whole phrase was. This greatly affected the way Renaissance composers chose the amount of balance between music and words and the way they interact with each other. Therefore this influence brought up a new dimension in music writing that resulted in a new vocal style, the madrigal. It was one of the most popular music styles of non-religious music in the sixteenth century, and it certainly depicted what the heart of humanism was. The poems that were taken into the use of composing madrigals were secular material that demonstrated human nature, such as love poems. Also the quality of life, living fully and human interests, which were all, part of the secular attitudes that dominated this genre of music. There are plenty of examples from the composers in the sixteenth century that wrote music in the style. One of the most famous madrigal composers was Lucy Marenzio from Italy, and most of his madrigals were about secular topics such as desire and love. In his Hor pien daltro desio composed in 1582, it tells us the love and affection of the Italian poet Luigi Alamanni towards a female called Amaranta. Marenzio cleverly used music to support the individual words and lines to highlight the emotion. For example in this five voices madrigal, the Tenor part begins with a perfect consonant with the Canto part, then falls down a semitone to the F sharp where the word Pien (full) is stressed, in addition it also acts as the leading tone to G. The next word dal-tro meaning (of another) is held for twice the value so that even each of the syllables length various. Moreover, the frequent use of imitation where every voice enters at different times but similar motif as the composer thought suitable. The use of repetition can also be found when the womans name Amaranta is sung as va-ga, A-ma-ran-ta (vague (beauty) Amaranta) which is also almost like a sequence in terms of the melodic contour. At measure 24, all parts arrived on the third line Che dolce suona e canta (Who sweetly ings and plays), which this fulfilment in the texture unleashes the power of vocal harmony completely. Interestingly, when the top voice reaches the word Can-ta (sing), the two syllables spread across three bars are where the running quavers emerge, and plus the F sharp to G figure reappears. As a result, it portrays the beautiful melismatic singing by Amaranta that the poet could die for. This is a great example of showing how effective the use of music on only a single word could give nice additional flavours to the entire line. Next to the end, at line if my dying would increase her life is also another similar example on the word mio (life), which both the Canto and Basso parts are extended over three bars on the tied semibreves suggesting the wish of a longer life. The composer successfully achieved and enhanced the meaning of the poem, whereby usingtechniques to organise the melodic lines working both vertically and horizontally. This level of intellectual and practical manipulation on composing was extremely exceptional and really showed how humanism influenced composers on the way they approached madrigal writings. The second example is from a later date in 1592 by Claudio Monteverdi in his third book of Madrigal called O come à ¨ gran martire, a poem written by Giovanni Battista Guarini. He was one of the most well known poets during the Renaissance, due to the effectiveness of words in his texts that madrigal composers loved to use. In this five voices madrigal starts of at Canto with a long note valued the entire bar on the higher E followed by a short rest, then falls right down to a G sharp. This diminished 6th interval almost paints an actual image of a person saying Oh, how great the suffering is to hold desire on both the first two words as well as the entire line. The word Mar-ti-re (martyr) is also stretched out the longest in the line to emphasize the state of suffering. Furthermore, Monteverdi uses a canon like effect with consecutive entries from the first voice down to the third voice. It is not until third line O soave mio ardore when all voices joins up exposing the ardour feeling from the poet. Also the sense of cadences and starting points are a lot more obvious throughout the piece comparing to Marenzios example, such as at the repetition point in the third line and at the end of that line. Another remarkable point in this madrigal is the call and response that happens on the fifth line between all voices that divides into two parts with Alto alternating between the upper and lower half for over fifteen bars. The fifth line is divided into two parts as sognun ama il suo core and e voi sete il cor mio so that the lower half usually follows what the upper half just sung. This compositional device is rather convincing when it comes to the appearance of the lines over and over again that deeply prints the poets emotion onto the music. The entire madrigal is fulfilled with Monteverdis thoughtful ideas to further embellish the poem, and it has a stronger sense of homophonic texture than Marenzios example. However both composers utilisation of word-painting, imitation and through-composed form, were undoubtedly a revolutionary style that all madrigal composers strived for and This original experience begins early in the madrigals, where it is consciously at work trying to build up a musical style which should be the emotional counterpart of the poetic expression, and truly this collective knowledge is a critical component of what the intention of Humanism was, which of Those who earnestly desire and seek after these are most highly humanized. This movement greatly impacts not only on madrigals, but also the overall development of music as well as the Renaissance society on the whole. The success of madrigal brought its popularity even further, when the advance in music printing took off that drastically increased the speed of music spread, and as a result many international style appeared in their vernacular, and the English madrigals were one of the most directly influenced examples. Thomas Weelkes was among the greatest English madrigal composer around the sixteenth century and in his Lady your Spotless Feature, it seeks to satisfy his perfect image of the lady. The text of this madrigal is derived from the madrigal Donna, il vostro bel viso of another famous Italian madrigal composer named Salamone Rossi. This shows how close the link is between Italian and English madrigalism where Thomas Weelkes was able to interpret the lines into English smoothly and re-through-compose the entire music to suit the local taste. This madrigal is set for five voices with two sopranos, tenors and a bass, starting with a homophonic texture, where the first top three parts form a triadic chord and this gives a strong sense of tonic. When the word fea-ture is sung at the end of the first line, it divides into a descending scale like pattern quavers in thirds with soprano II. This sighing like effect shows how the composer is fascinated by the beauty of the lady. Following that immediately is a short motif based on a crochet, two quavers then four crotchets, distributed at different times on different voices to create the polyphonic texture that contrasts with the first line. This imitative device easily creates an impression into our mind which again reinforces the image of the lady. The strong sense in the use between polyphony and block harmony also appears on the last two lines, where the second last line moves mostly in crotchets aligned with the words building up vertical harmony. Then similarly, the last line creates an eight crotchet notes figure that repeats in various parts of every voice. Surprisingly, at the end of every polyphonic variation, the bass rhythm is always augmented until the start of the next homophonic part, which is almost like a basso continuo used at the end to strengthen the dominant to tonic feel, which in this example is the long sustained A to D. Comparing to the previous madrigals mentioned, this piece has a stronger systematic gesture where the structure is defined not only by the text but also the texture in music especially. The poem itself is also more of a light-hearted and delightful musical setting, which is a fairly popular taste amongst the English madrigal composers. This style of secular composition, which was sometimes set to words of a light and humorous character, found a good deal of favour with many of the most prominent English composers, although serious and pastoral works often appeared also in Weelkes madrigals. Nevertheless, knowing the contrapuntal parts in relation with one another, and also seeing the underlying harmony is the complex but crucial elements in madrigal writings and astonishingly, all three madrigal composers have not only managed to write music for the words but also stretching the meaning of them by exploring the possibilities that suited this genre. This cultivation of secular vocal music was in no doubt, a phenomenal musical development during the sixteenth century. Therefore, the influence of Humanism on madrigal was aimed to uplift the level of emotion and meaning derived from literal materials, and from a teleological perspective it did not only fulfilled its purpose but also set a model for many vocal music genres that came later in the music history such as opera. For that reason the madrigal is undeniably the quintessential humanist musical genre in the sixteenth century.

American Big Business - A Case Study :: essays research papers

Singer Corporation, now known as Bicoastal Corporation, is the company that brought the world the sewing machine. There are Singer Sewing machines in almost every country in the world and Singer instructions in more than 50 languages. Mahatma Gandhi learned to sew on a Singer and called it â€Å"one of the few useful things ever invented.† I will attempt to explain how Singer came to be one of America’s big businesses. Isaac Merritt Singer was born in Pittstown, New York in 1811, and ran away from his immigrant parents at the age of 12 to join a troupe of traveling actors. He remained an actor until 1835, inventing things on the side. The first patent for a sewing machine was granted in 1790 in England but no one had been able to come up with a reliable design that did not need frequent repairs. Because of this sewing machines had never become commercially successful. In 1850 Singer came up with a design and patented it. In 1851 Singer and Company was born and the Singer sewing machine was an immediate success. The machine was, however very close in design to that of Elias Howe who had been on the verge of solving the problem of the unreliable sewing machine. He sued for patent infringement. Singer hired a young lawyer to defend him. In exchange for his services Clark became an equal partner in the company. Singer ran the manufacturing side and Clark the Financial side. Clark ended the lawsuit and pooled the two patents together creating the Singer Machine Combination. This was the first patent pool in America. Until the late 1850s, because of the price of the sewing machines, the company concentrated on the commercial market e.g. professional tailors and clothing manufactures. But around this time Clark introduced the first customer installment payment plan. Combined with an intensive marketing campaign, this meant that the product could reach a wider market than ever before and even those with relatively low incomes could afford the sewing machines. By 1855 Singer was the world’s biggest sewing company. It begans its overseas expansion starting in Paris, making Singer the world’s first international company. The first factory outside the United States was opened in Glasgow, Scotland in 1961, followed by distribution centers in London, England, and a factory in Brighton, England that was the biggest in the U.K. at the time. By 1867 international sales exceeded at home sales for the first time.

Look Not Only at The Now Essay

Shinichi Hoshi tells a great tale of irony and human stubbornness in the short story, â€Å"He-y, Come on Ou-t†. A great storm that hits a small town and destroys their shrine which leaves a gaping hole where it once stood; the villagers quickly figure out that the bottom of the hole cannot be found. A concessionaire buys the hole and people pay to dump very terrible things into it such as nuclear waste and incriminating evidence, but in the end it all ends up getting dumped on the village from the sky. Humans like to and tend to throw away future worries and enjoy the immediate benefits of a situation regardless of how dire the future situation may be, Hoshi expresses this by using symbolism and irony in his short story â€Å"He-y, Come on Ou-t†. Humans have caused and will cause dire circumstances for themselves by overlooking potential future threats in any given situation; this is conveyed in the short story through symbolism. When the hole is first found a young man says, â€Å"‘I wonder if it’s a fox’s hole’† (Hoshi 1). The fox symbolizes the villagers because foxes are seen as sly and the villagers think they are sly when they make a scheme to dump everything in the hole and profit from it without consequence, there is further symbolism when it is technically the village at the bottom of the hole. Soon after the people, â€Å"cut down some trees, [tie] them with rope and [make] a fence which they put around the hole† (2). Sbrocchi 2 This symbolizes that the villagers already know the hole is a bad thing and they need to protect people from it by building a fence around it, much like a pit bull or Rottweiler; also this is foreshadowing because the hole ends up being a dangerous th ing. Perhaps greatest moment of symbolism in the story comes at the last line, when it is revealed to the reader that all that is dumped in the hole is going to rain down on the city, because a builder is taking his break when, â€Å"a small pebble skimmed by him and fell on  past. The man however, was gazing in idle reverie at the city’s skyline growing evermore beautiful, and he failed to notice (4). The theme of the whole story is explained in the builder’s actions, the builder symbolizes humans as a whole, they ignore the future threat that the pebble symbolizes and look out at the â€Å"success† that they have created. Irony is a powerful tool in literature that is used to get a message through to the reader. In this story it is used in many ways to show the stubbornness of mankind to only focus on the today not the tomorrow. Near the beginning of the story before the young man is about to throw a pebble in the hole an old man warns him by saying â€Å"‘you might bring down a curse on us. Lay off,’ [†¦] but the younger one energetically [throws] the pebble in.†(2). This is so ironic because in the end the older man was right, it did bring down a curse on them, all that garbage came right back down on them. This is so important because it is exactly the theme of the story, the young man failed to recognize the threat in front of him, he set it aside so he could have his fun right now regardless of what the future may bring and the future brought evil, which was self-inflicted. The panicle of irony in the story that really throws the theme at the reader is when the narrator says â€Å"Everyone disliked thinking about the eventual consequences† That is Sbrocchi 3 literally the theme of the story, it is ironic because the eventual consequences that everyone thought would come many years later ended up right at the doorstep of the village in not long at all, and these consequences came in a form much worse than what anyone could have ever expected. There is a lesson to be learned from this story and it is that if a situation arises for something good to come in the now, in the today, but it raises problems for the tomorrow, those problems must be dealt with in the today and not pushed aside because they are unpleasant to think about. No matter how great a success something may bring it could all be in vein if the same thing will also bring pain and suffering in the future; it will not be a success at all, it will be a giant failure. In the story, something fictional happens to the villagers, but things just as bad or worse will come from actions in real life, they just may not be as obvious or come as  fast. Humans like to focus on the good in situations not in the possible bad, this has to change.

A class trip to remember Essay

Contributing nice photographs from our class trip would be the great challenge to complete an album, which is the photomontage and part of parcel of our portfolio assignment. We planned beforehand the journey to Damai Puri Resort and came out with a list of interesting activities and equipment that we will have to bring along. Out of expectation, it was just the start of the disaster that we could never imagine. The class trip was fun, memorable, and enjoyable. The day of the trip began as usual but it was fun enough for us. The fundamental issue of the trip was the transportation to the location. We have insufficient budget and could only rent a mini van. Then, some of us had no choice and were forced to carpool in Bryan’s car. We had a fun riding trip with some card games and singing some trending songs in the car. Then, Yasmin brought up a hot discussion topic and all of us had a really fun time debating over each other’s statement. Not long after that, the entrance of Damai Puri Resort is just right in front of us. Once we arrived at the destination, we immediately settle down in the hotel room. The bus riding brought us an unforgettable memories and we had enjoyed the greatest moment, chitchatting, singing pop songs and laughing together. I noticed that we were already bonded and literally grouped. We then took our first group photo on the beach. By then, we were divided into groups to play around. Damai is indeed a fun place for outdoor activities and the view is superb, one that we could never forget. Nevertheless, the weather was extremely hot and was unsuitable for activities on the beach. So some of us have decided to soak into the pool and just chilling around. Some other girls who were not interested to swim decided to have their girls talk under the coconut trees. The scenes were memorable. After that, it was nearly evening. We have decided to watch the sunset on the beach, it was indeed beautiful. Lik ewise, we enjoyed the strong wind blows, the coconut torso up, I closed my eyes and listened to the relaxing sound of sea waves. It was such an enjoyable moment. By six o’clock, all of us were exhausted. We were already starving but it is still long to our barbeque dinner. Some of us insisted to take the early dinner at the central food court. Those who struggled starvation went there for their early dinner while the committee were busy preparing the barbecue night for the others. During the preparation of the dinner, Celine, one of the committee, shouted.  Apparently, she forgot to bring the necessary equipment and we could not stick to our plan without it. The girls were complaining and conflict arose. The committees were blaming each other too. Meanwhile, another class were also having the barbecue dinner nearby. At that moment, the smartest guys in our class, Julius came out with an idea, which was to borrow the equipment from them after their dining. Fortunately, the idea worked really well. Although the barbecue became our supper but we still enjoy of it. To sum up the trip experiences, I would use the words: memorable, unforgettable and fun! However, our group leader was pretty upset about the conflicts. There are always ups and downs in our life and I hope she is no longer grieving, I also hope that we will have another trip together and I will definitely volunteer to be the leader to bring up the joy to everyone.

Playing god essays

Playing god essays On February 24, 1997, scientists at the Roslin Institute in Edinburg, England announce that they had cloned an adult mamal for the first time. This was just one of many blind leaps in science that humanity has made. As we race foward in our descisions to create life, we negelct to look at the concequences of our actions. In addition to eliminating genetic diversity, cloning is religiously and ethically wrong. First before I start I should define what exactly a clone is. Groliers encyclopedia defines a clone as a decendant produced asexually from a single animal or plant. Asexually, as in natural. What we define as cloning is no more than mechanical reproduction. We create identical copies of organisms as the means to an end. We want to genetically create the perfect pig, one that yeilds delicious meat, never gets sick and conforms to all of our needs. We want to do that over and over, thousands upon thousands of identical copies. All without looking at the concequences. Identical animals lack diversity. All of them could die from a single plauge because there is no chance of one of them having an immunity. One example of this was the Irish potatoe famine of the early 19th century. The lower class Irish relied on a single variety of potatoe and when a plauge wiped it out, thousands died from famine. The gradual evolution, survival of the fittest, nature has set this up for a reason. It ha ppens so species can develop and evolve to fit their environment. If we engineer our own evolution we stop what nature may have intended for us. By choosing something that seems perfect now, we may miss out on what is better for us in the future. Everything has a reason, and only God know what that is. When I speak of religion and cloning I have to go all the way back to the beginning. The bible states that God essentially cloned Eve, as he wanted to create a woman and a wife for Adam. So if it's right for God, huamns should be able to do i. ...

Merck’s research Essays

Merck’s research Essays Merck’s research Essay Merck’s research Essay Merck’s research and development of its Crixivan is considered a breakthrough in the treatment of HIV positive patients. Merck and Co. Inc. although behind by quite a significant time frame with Abbot and Roche in terms of marketing its product, has been well applauded for having been able to develop a proven more efficient counterpart. The product’s unexpected fast FDA approval should have been of great benefit to Merck since it can already make Crixivan available in the market far earlier than they have expected. However the early approval of the product for market distribution posed a huge problem to the company because of the fact that they actually did run out of time in preparing the additional manufacturing plant needed to produce the product. The situation therefore is that since the product has been published as a breakthrough in the market of HIV treatment drugs, the public had expected its availability in the market the soonest possibl e. In short, there has been the demand that Merck cannot possibly supply since it lacked enough manufacturing facilities enough to satisfy such demand.Merck actually has the edge in some aspects. First, Crixivan has been proven, as had been approved by FDA, to be more effective in treating HIV patients over its competitors Abbot (Invirase) and Roche (Norvir) indicating a 44% efficiency in its clinical trials (p.81). Moreover its 86% efficiency rate in combination with AZT and 3TC is undoubtedly an edge besides the fact that it was proven more potent than Invirase and with lesser side effects compared to Norvir (p.82). Second is that its pricing strategy is far cheaper than the competitors. As described, Crixivan is 24% cheaper than Invirase and 33% less than Norvir (p.85). Third is that Crixivan has an assured market since HIV patients in 1996 already rose to 3.1 million aside from the potential users-those 22.6 million people HIV patients are living with and a considerably high rat e of children who are also HIV positive (p.82).What was just being sad about it is that Merck was not able to draft a sound forecast of its manufacturing facilities and the time required to prepare them. Sound forecast should not only include the possible demand for the product but should also include the sound logistics skills in forecasting whether such demand could possibly be supplied with the available stocks. For Merck, it has the demand but unfortunately, it does not have the supply enough to satisfy it. What went wrong was the tight time frame provided or budgeted by Merck in producing Crixivan. Initially this aspect could be justified since the product was approved six months earlier than expected which means that they really would be expected to be behind about the same time span. Besides, Merck had already taken the risk of expanding its manufacturing plant to accommodate the production of Crixivan two months before the Phase III approval of its clinical trial (p.81).An o bjective analysis of Merck’s efforts to produce Crixivan would lead one to conclude that it has done its part on matters of product quality. Primarily Merck chose to produce the product on its own manufacturing plant and discarded the idea of outsourcing. It actually did a sound decision on that part since it already had previous bad experience of product quality in its previously outsourced products. Another thing is that it did not take rush procedures in the manufacturing or Crixivan but instead carefully stick to the standard 15 steps procedure.I can see that the problem therefore is on its inability to make additional investments in human resources and materials in order to finish the expansion of the manufacturing plant as soon as possible. At least there was not mention of this facts in the cases mentioned. If it cannot rush steps on producing the Crixivan, it can rush on finishing the plant itself. Should it take Merck to invest a considerable amount for it, it should have taken the risk since it had already established market and in fact has demands coming in that it cannot already satisfy.Outsourcing can still be an option though. I believe that it is possible to make arrangements with the outsourced agent to make the product using their facilities but the supervision of the whole process would be done by Merck. This way, although more expensive on human resources to supervise the process in another plant, it could have been a great help for Merck in the sense that this can bridge the shortage in demand while its own manufacturing plant is still on construction.Relative to Merck’s humanitarian mission, I believe that Merck actually had been very considerate with its Support program and including the integration of the indigents in its services. It should have been actually rewarded by the government and those AIDS activists for its free counseling services for the uninsured patients and the free supply of Crixivan to the indigents and t he clinical trial participants. While it is true that pharmaceutical companies like Merck are gaining huge income compared with those in the other industries, I believe that Merck has done its social responsibilities well enough. Besides these services, Merck also ensured the public and FDA that it closely monitors the patients using the product as agreed to ensure that they would not be at risk of developing a resistant strain of HIV.In my opinion, Merck got short of choosing limited channels of distribution for Crixivan. While its purpose was to regulate the demand for the product and to ensure its proper application in the treatment process, it should have considered other channels besides Stadtlanders. One reason is that Stadtlanders has been charging too much, as the public sees it, on Crixivan. Even if this could be justified by the quality of services it provides with the clients, still Crixivan carries Merck’s name, not Stadtlanders.I believe that Merck has other opti ons besides Crixivan that could also offer almost the same quality of services. One option could have been a bidding of possible counterparts in order to lessen the cost of the services and the product itself. Thus Crixivan could be more affordable with more patients. Although legally, it has no control over the pricing of the product after being endorsed with distributors, Merck still has the choice of making exclusive agreement with its distributor as part of the pre-bidding agreement. Of course, those who would be willing to take Merck’s terms and conditions would bid. This would also provide Merck with the opportunity to lessen the cost of investment in human resources.One more thing Merck could have failed to use is the media. Since it is media that made Crixivan famous and in demand, it should have taken the opportunity to publish the necessary guidelines in administration of Crixivan so that the public would not be accusing them of neglect. Merck however justified this failure on grounds that FDA’s approval of the said literature was delayed. Still it would be helpful still to make bits of instructions even in print media to inform the public. It could have been an additional cost but it would be worthy of counteracting negative publicity on the Crixivan and Merck. Â  Such would have lessened its cost on human resources who are assigned to take care of the free services it offers via phone calls. Advertisements are one time investments while the salaries of the additional employees would continue until Merck would be finally through with its expansion project. Besides this, it has to pay for employee benefits.If am to handle the administrative aspect of the case, I would have to choose to limit the counseling services on uninsured patients. These services could already be transferred to the distribution channels like Stadtlanders or others that Merck have chosen. As had been mentioned earlier, the distribution process could have been done by bidding of service providers invited by Merck after consideration of their quality services offered. Besides it was mentioned in the case that Stadtlanders is having 37% mark-up on Crixivian with the justification of its counseling and monitoring services.Merck in general actually had done its social obligations by the services it provided with the general public. The low price of Crixivan, the integration of the indigents in the support program and the continuing monitoring services it provides are enough reasons for one to conclude that Merck lived on its mission statements. What went wrong was its failure to make accurate forecasts in the production of the product and its inability to consider other competent distribution channels. Merck also failed to make sound decisions on where to place its additional investment it was willing to make. To make this clear, Merck invested on human resources for monitoring and counseling services when this amount could have been more properl y appropriated in human resources in the construction of the plant expansion project. Its cost on human resources can also be strategically reduced if it had its counseling and monitoring services passed to distribution channels because the latter offer the same services.Merck has no control over the fast and unexpected approval of its product by the FDA but it can control other variables involved in marketing its product. I would insist that Merck should have taken into consideration the outsourcing idea with just an additional supervising team. This could have hastened its production and have lessened the damage it caused due to shortage of supply. There is great money waiting for Merck because of its advantage over its competitors. But the system in the healthcare industry has standards as with other industries. One’s failure to market the product in strategic channels would result to an edge by competitors regardless of price and quality. In the case of Merck, Crixivan an d its competitors are highly in demand because of the outbreak of AIDS. It was an opportunity Merck have seen but taken short of preparing for the right steps to get through the market.

Shadow Banking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Shadow Banking - Research Paper Example For instance, it is evident that the shadow banking in the U.S. rose to an index value of 162.5 in 2008 when her total assets were approximately $20.7 trillion. Currently, the index value of shadow banking in the U.S. is 72.2 which correlate with $9.2 trillion in assets. Although shadow banking has reduced significantly in the U.S. it is evident that some people are still indulging in insecure lending in the banks (Tracy 2014). It is also evident that the U.S. still licenses nonbank firms such as payday lenders as well as mortgage services. It is also evident that most of the financial lending are not supervised the ground in the U.S. additionally, it is evident that some of the banks in the U.S. are diverting their activities to nonbank financial institutions so as to avoid oversight. Unfortunately, such practices have the potential of causing a financial crisis. To combat the problems associated with shadow banking, â€Å"New York’s Department of Financial Services is probi ng large mortgage-servicing firms amid concerns about practices that could be unfair to consumers† (Tracy 2014). Just like in the U.S. shadow banking is also practiced in China. However, its rate is very high in China than in the U.S. This is as a result of the Chinese government barring local governments from borrowing money from the banks and also its support for the shadow banking through its structured financial system (Das 1). For instance, it is evident that China’s government forces most businesses to rely on shadow banking system by mandating only four banks to practice credit markets. It is also evident that China’s government takes part in the regulation of deposit interest rates, a practice that facilitates shadow banking. The curtailing of credit expansion by the China’s government through reducing loan quotas also catalyzes growth of shadow banking sector. Most banks in China have been forced to seek for alternative ways of making profits.

The Turn of the Screw Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Turn of the Screw - Essay Example Whereas a conventional fiction-writer endeavors to establish the credibility of the reality which s/he depicts in his fiction, James intentionally attempts to stir up the readers’ doubt about the credibility of the narrator’s presentation of the uncanny monstrosity of the children’s and the monstrous environment in the House. In the novel, James has employed various narrative strategies to support his assertion that nothing truly exists outside the human imagination or takes precedence over the human imagination, using the characters to defend and analyze this position. His first strategy is to instill the uncanny monstrosity in the characters of the novel. The novel does not directly tell the readers whether the Children are really monstrous or not. Rather it inspires the readers to decide whether they are monstrous. Another strategy of James is that he makes the Governess’s character unreliable. The way how the Governess tells the story necessarily provo kes the readers to think that there must be a number of different possible interpretations of the reality which she presents. In the novel, James has made a shrewd application of the uncanny to justify his comment that the fictional reality is what and how we perceive it. ... Even sometimes she herself proves to be wrong and seems that she suffers from hallucination. This uncertainty of the Governess’s storytelling provokes the readers to question whether the children are really monstrous or this monstrosity is a misperception or fabrication of the Governess. Both any possible conclusion what a reader may reach is that the horizon of a fiction is, indeed, a vast area where the writers enjoy the utmost freedom to arrange the events in a particular sequence to make the plot credible. While reading the novel, the readers’ attentions become focused on two focal points. First, they grow doubtful about whether the children, Miles and Flora, are really monstrous or not. Secondly, they question whether there is something wrong on the Governess’s part. Indeed, James’s success to divide up the readers’ attentions on two apparently contradictory focal points tends to establish his claim that, whatever the reality about the children is, the ultimate reality is how we perceive it. For example, a reader can tell for sure whether Miles and Flora maintain a secret relationship with Quint, the dead valet and Miss Jessel who is also dead now. Flora’s nocturnal movement and the discovery of her ‘too free’ intimacy with Miss Jessel, Miles’s association with the ghosts, his unexplained banishment from the school –all these events seem so supernatural and ominous. The Governess claims that she could see some ghostly associations of Miles and Flora with the dead valet and governess. Even she claims that she has encountered with their ghosts for several times. But this claim makes the readers dubious about her psychological sanity, when they once

Research Paper on the topic of The greatest Prime Minister in Canadian

On the topic of The greatest Prime Minister in Canadian History for promoting ethnic diversity and communities was Pierre Trudeau - Research Paper Example Trudeau can be regarded as the most important Prime Minister in Canadian history for promotion of ethnic diversity and enhancement of community. The concepts that Trudeau established came from his regard toward these philosophies of diversity. More important, the time frame in which Trudeau lived and the external environment which created change allowed the Prime Minister to make specific decisions that were directly linked to the need for ethnic diversity and community. World War I, changes in Canadian ethnicities and expansion into a global perspective were some of the several alterations which forced the Prime Minister to create a specific perspective about the concepts of ethnic diversity. This research paper will examine how Trudeau offered this to the country as well as whether his policies for reform allowed him to become the greatest leader in history for Canadian diversity and community. The examination in this paper will look at the trends which were established by this Prime Minister as well as how he began to alter policies because of personal beliefs as well as external pressures which were creating a demand for ethnic diversity and changing communities. The examination will not only include actions which were taken by the Prime Minister, but also will incorporate other aspects of the changes made, such as how responses occurred throughout Canada and what the other demands in politics altered in terms of ethnic diversity and community. These perspectives will show how and why Trudeau became the most effective Prime Minister for establishing ethnic diversity and community. When looking at the research, there were several resources which were used. The library began the main search, which led to various books and reviews that were associated with Canadian politics and the way in which this related to the time frame of Trudeau as a leader. When looking at the books and pieces of information, questions began to arise

Choose a AHp Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Choose a AHp - Research Paper Example 1). The professionals’ roles also include evaluating the nature of patients’ needs at an accident scene or emergency room and making decisions on the appropriate action for saving the patients’ lives. Such decisions may be treating the patients and connecting life support machines to sustain the patients’ lives before access special treatments. Further to their independent care services, paramedics work closely with other health care professionals such as nurses, patients’ relatives, and safety offices such as the police and fire service officers (NHS Careers, n.d.). One of the identifiable characteristics of paramedics is their consistency as the first care personnel to arrive at an accident site. They are also conspicuous in emergency care rooms. In accident scenes, paramedics work in pairs and with an ambulance but are sometimes assisted by a care assistant or technician. There are however cases where paramedics work alone and may use a â€Å"mo torbike, emergency response car or even a bicycle† (NHS Careers, n.d., p. 1). A paramedic can also serve as an air ambulance crew but this requires more training (NHS Careers, n.d.). ... Lack of their skills would worsen the already realized conditions among patients. The accident involved a collapsed building that trapped victims under the ramble. While people were still stranded on how to overcome the resultant dust and rescue the victims, a team of paramedics arrived with their protective masks and was able to rescue most of the victims. The team was also able to offer first aid care and put victims who were already unconscious on oxygen support as they were rushed to the nearest hospital. Even though some of the victims succumbed to the accident, it was clear that the number of fatalities would have been more had it not been for the role of the paramedics. I also chose the profession because of its diversified scope that extends to elements of the mainstream healthcare professions. Paramedics can offer primary care and their quick response guarantees emergency care and these makes it fundamental to people’s lives and the society’s quality of life. P aramedics are certified after completing a university course in paramedic science, entry into which is subject to a threshold pass in final secondary education. The minimum qualifications from secondary school further include pass in English and Mathematics but the exact marks for the qualifications may vary from one institution to another. A valid driving license is another entry requirement into the profession and corresponds to the paramedics operations with ambulances. Further professional training is also necessary into the profession’s practice. Paramedic profession, like many others, operates under professional bodies. In the United States, the profession lacks a national professional body but there exist regional

An evaluation of the training programme and how it effects performance Literature review

An evaluation of the training programme and how it effects performance at debenhams -westfield - Literature review Example The study relates the concept of performance management and training implementation to Debenhams, in regards to the manner in which it applies the training methods and how it affects the company's competency and performance rate. Performance is defined as being able to finish a task that is measured against certain standards such as completeness, accuracy, speed and cost. In a contractual agreement, performance can be regarded as a completion or fulfillment of an obligation, which unbinds the person from the liabilities within the signed agreement (Torrington, Hall & Taylor, 2008). Most define performance as the act of accomplishing a task and producing an outcome in line with the objective. Others believe that as long as a result is presented, it is an acceptable performance as it is; and if the objectives are not met, the rate of performance is not at par as projected. Performance cannot be evaluated through the outcome alone, as results are triggered by actions that cause it. Asid e from the efforts made to produce a result, other aspects that can affect the outcome can be both external and internal factors (Institutional Management in Higher Education, 2009). Assessing performance by means of the results alone is not appropriate. There are several objectives imposed by the management that can be utilized as constructive means to evaluate the result, but appraising a performance solely on results reflects a company’s poor policy. Other variables that either have an indirect or direct effect towards the result must also be accounted for; as such influences can have severe impacts on the outcome (Torrington, et al, 2008). Performance Management Performance management includes two different kinds of management. One aspect of evaluating performance is through the expert opinion of an analyst, who would be responsible in monitoring the performance of the company as a whole. The other method in which career efficiency can be assessed is through the constant appraisal the managers of its employees in meeting the company’s objectives. This includes assisting employees in reaching goals and expectations, thus ensuring that the company would perform better as a whole (Porter, Bingham & Simmonds, 2008). The organization of the employees’ performance varies per individual. In general, it comprises planning and establishing objectives, and presenting feedbacks and reviews. Proper management also includes commendations through rewards for high performers, and opportunities for one to become skilled at one’s chosen discipline. Management of employee performance is more ideal if the goals are reliable and consistent (Bloisi, 2007). This implies that the management must present a clear way in disseminating information regarding the expected quality of work at present and in the future. Planning the objectives also constitutes classifying the employer’s prospect of his personnel, so as not to seem broadsided during the course of assessing criteria in performance development (Porter, et al, 2008). Planning and setting objectives and goals in a company is one of the critical components of performance management, as it offers an a fair and proper evaluations system in which employees can undergo proper training, workshops and seminars necessitate to increase one’s aptitude and proficiency (Porter, et al, 2008). An ideal performance manag

Retirement Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Retirement Issues - Essay Example The essay "Retirement Issues" intends to overview the causes behind retirement plan and offer the suggestions to the younger generation on the successful accomplishment of a resilient retirement plan that is expected to get rid of the lacunas of the earlier generations in framing the same. , the term unforeseen itself is stochastic or probabilistic in nature. There is no definite way to measure all unanticipated events that might require added financial assistance and thereby extra precautionary savings. Hence, at the end of the day, it is all about series of assumptions and to some extent careful gambling with a hope that the dice would fall in the expected number. If the dice falls otherwise; then all the associated dreams with the retirement life fall into pieces like a glass house stuck with a stone. Hope does not die though, people keep on thinking that their planning considering the retirement life is on the right track and then out of the blue an emergency pops up forcing the individual and his family into the ocean of despair. By the time the individual realizes something is not right in his planning, it is too late. The most ironic thing is that this can happen owing to human error or purely out of the accident. This point to the fact that even if one is perfect regarding his retirement planning; he might face the brunt of the unforeseen events similar to anyone else. It is easily understandable now that why retirement plan is important and difficult to optimize.

Choose a AHp Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Choose a AHp - Research Paper Example 1). The professionals’ roles also include evaluating the nature of patients’ needs at an accident scene or emergency room and making decisions on the appropriate action for saving the patients’ lives. Such decisions may be treating the patients and connecting life support machines to sustain the patients’ lives before access special treatments. Further to their independent care services, paramedics work closely with other health care professionals such as nurses, patients’ relatives, and safety offices such as the police and fire service officers (NHS Careers, n.d.). One of the identifiable characteristics of paramedics is their consistency as the first care personnel to arrive at an accident site. They are also conspicuous in emergency care rooms. In accident scenes, paramedics work in pairs and with an ambulance but are sometimes assisted by a care assistant or technician. There are however cases where paramedics work alone and may use a â€Å"mo torbike, emergency response car or even a bicycle† (NHS Careers, n.d., p. 1). A paramedic can also serve as an air ambulance crew but this requires more training (NHS Careers, n.d.). ... Lack of their skills would worsen the already realized conditions among patients. The accident involved a collapsed building that trapped victims under the ramble. While people were still stranded on how to overcome the resultant dust and rescue the victims, a team of paramedics arrived with their protective masks and was able to rescue most of the victims. The team was also able to offer first aid care and put victims who were already unconscious on oxygen support as they were rushed to the nearest hospital. Even though some of the victims succumbed to the accident, it was clear that the number of fatalities would have been more had it not been for the role of the paramedics. I also chose the profession because of its diversified scope that extends to elements of the mainstream healthcare professions. Paramedics can offer primary care and their quick response guarantees emergency care and these makes it fundamental to people’s lives and the society’s quality of life. P aramedics are certified after completing a university course in paramedic science, entry into which is subject to a threshold pass in final secondary education. The minimum qualifications from secondary school further include pass in English and Mathematics but the exact marks for the qualifications may vary from one institution to another. A valid driving license is another entry requirement into the profession and corresponds to the paramedics operations with ambulances. Further professional training is also necessary into the profession’s practice. Paramedic profession, like many others, operates under professional bodies. In the United States, the profession lacks a national professional body but there exist regional

Retirement Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Retirement Issues - Essay Example The essay "Retirement Issues" intends to overview the causes behind retirement plan and offer the suggestions to the younger generation on the successful accomplishment of a resilient retirement plan that is expected to get rid of the lacunas of the earlier generations in framing the same. , the term unforeseen itself is stochastic or probabilistic in nature. There is no definite way to measure all unanticipated events that might require added financial assistance and thereby extra precautionary savings. Hence, at the end of the day, it is all about series of assumptions and to some extent careful gambling with a hope that the dice would fall in the expected number. If the dice falls otherwise; then all the associated dreams with the retirement life fall into pieces like a glass house stuck with a stone. Hope does not die though, people keep on thinking that their planning considering the retirement life is on the right track and then out of the blue an emergency pops up forcing the individual and his family into the ocean of despair. By the time the individual realizes something is not right in his planning, it is too late. The most ironic thing is that this can happen owing to human error or purely out of the accident. This point to the fact that even if one is perfect regarding his retirement planning; he might face the brunt of the unforeseen events similar to anyone else. It is easily understandable now that why retirement plan is important and difficult to optimize.

Obesity Debate Essay Example for Free

Obesity Debate Essay In the five section article, â€Å"Rethinking Weight† by Amanda Spake, the author outlines the conflict surrounding whether obesity classifies as a disease. Spake discusses the prevalence of obesity in America and sheds light on the idea that obesity may contain genetic roots. The article continues with the author’s insights into whether weight or fitness retains the most importance. Spake concludes the article with thoughts on the growing concern of insurance coverage and obesity treatment. The author claims that â€Å"At the heart of this obesity epidemic is a debate over whether obesity is a biological ‘disease’ and should be treated like any other life-threatening illness – cancer, heart disease – or whether it is simply a risk factor for these killers† (282). Spake successfully supports the claim by incorporating a narrative account, explaining the biology, psychology, and scientific research of obesity, and stating how society may already classify obesity as a disease, but Spake strays from the idea of obesity qualifying as a disease when she describes the role insurance companies play when paying for obesity treatment. The article begins with a narrative account of Maria Pfisterer. Spake uses Maria Pfisterer’s story to reveal the struggles obesity and dieting inflict upon a person. According to the author, Pfisterer’s many attempted diets, in terms of weight â€Å"All resulted in a little lost and more regained,† which supports the idea of weight and dieting inflicting a constant burden in the lives of many Americans (282). Spake also included in the story of Pfisterer’s weight battle the idea that no matter how hard Pfisterer tried to lose weight or what method Pfisterer thought to try, the weight never permanently disappeared, which in turn supports the concept of obesity being more than just a physical ailment. The author also discusses the possible treatment of gastric bypass surgery for Pfisterer, which remains unavailable to Pfisterer due to the high cost and specific criteria an individual must possess in order to receive the surgery. The narrative story provides an appeal to emotions by showing one woman’s struggle with weight and the effect that struggle embodies in Pfisterer’s life. The story also provides a persuasive element, influencing a want for Pfisterer to achieve her personal weight goals. The author pinpoints a person’s biology and psychological state as possible factors in the development of obesity. Xavier Pi-Sunyer from the Obesity Research Center at St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital suggests â€Å"†¦obesity is a biologically determined process† (282). Many weight researchers also believe that â€Å"obesity is controlled by a powerful biological system of hormones, proteins, neurotransmitters, and genes that regulate fat storage and body weight and tell the brain when, what, and how much to eat† (284). Rudolph Leibel, a Columbia University geneticist, also states, â€Å"I believe there are strong genetic factors that determine susceptibility to obesity† (285). The given beliefs demonstrate how obesity qualifies as more than a personal decision. A person’s biology resists changes; therefore, the idea of obesity as a biological condition contains validity for Spake’s claim. The author also includes Brian Wansink’s perspective, â€Å"obesity is not just biology; it’s psychology† (286). The brain plays a key role in how obesity operates differently in individuals. The author continues to explain how, psychologically, obese individuals hold no control over the eating habits the overweight display. Spake’s inclusion of biological and psychological ideas presented by reliable professionals persuades critical audiences to agree with the author’s claim. Scientific research also plays a part in the obesity debate. Spake uses a variety of logos and ethos information to support the claim of the ongoing debate over the classification of obesity. The article incorporates the use of statistics from various studies on weight and obesity to solidify the author’s beliefs. The author gives a shocking statistic that â€Å"A majority of Americans—now 64   percent—are overweight or obese and struggling to conquer their expanding waistlines before their fat overtakes their health†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (282). A study done of twins showed that 20 to 70 percent of weight issues developed through inheritance. Another study conducted by RTI International and the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions stated, â€Å"the nation is spending about $75 billion a year on weight-related disease† (283). Spake even includes the statistic saying that, â€Å"Simply eating with one other person increases the average amount eaten at meals by 44 percent,† which refers to the psychological aspect of obesity (286). The author’s use of statistical information provides a strong backing for Spake’s claim about the obesity debate. Although not officially categorized as a disease, some organizations in society already list obesity as a disease. Spake chooses to include examples of situations in society where obesity may already encompass similar characteristics to a disease. The diseases that result from excessive amounts of weight embody a prominent situation described by the author. â€Å"Almost 80 percent of obese adults have one of these conditions, and nearly 40 percent have two or more,† Spake suggests when referring to diseases, such as heart disease, Type II diabetes, and high cholesterol that relate to the presence of obesity. Another example the author mentions confirms that, â€Å"The WHO has listed obesity as a disease in its International Classification of Disease since 1979.† Spake raises concern as to why obesity still remains uncategorized as an official disease when large quantities of overweight individuals contract other diseases due to the affliction of obesity and when a substantial organization already includes obesity in a database of diseases. Another statistic included in the discussion reads â€Å"About 325,000 deaths a year are attributed to obesity† (283). This shocking statistic sparks the question of why obesity lacks the definition of a disease even further. However, the author strays from her claim when insurance problems come into the article. Bringing the topic of insurance into the discussion provides no backing for any of the author’s claim. Spake chose to incorporate that â€Å"The health insurance industry argues that obesity treatments  can’t be covered†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (287). The claim refers to whether obesity classifies as a disease, not the effect of insurance coverage on those affected by obesity. Also, the author included that â€Å"the cost†¦of treatment and health insurance will escalate† (288). The price tag of treatment and rising insurance costs gives no support to the debate of obesity classifying as a disease that Spake claims as the purpose of the article. The inclusion of the insurance debacle distracts from the key issues the article puts forth, leaving readers to question the main idea of the article. In summation, Spake successfully supports the claim by incorporating a narrative account, explaining the biology, psychology, and scientific research of obesity, and stating how society may already classify obesity as a disease, but Spake strays from the claim when she describes the role of insurance companies in paying for obesity treatment. Works Cited Spake, Amanda. â€Å"Rethinking Weight.† Writing and Reading for ACP Composition. Comp. Thomas E. Leahey and Christine R. Farris. New York: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2009. 285-88. Print.

Background Study Of The Organization MIS System

Background Study Of The Organization MIS System In this thrilling subject, i would be focusing on the Management Information System of Starbucks. It is no doubt that this firm in question, is one popular and well patronised firm amongst many. That being said, i would be doing justice to the very background of this organization in question and i would elucidate in tangible details their IT systems, schemes and practices and lastly, i would be recommending what i see fit to suite the organisation even in this era of technology. But before i proceed, i would like to briefly define MIS(Management Information System) MIS (Management Information System) This may be defined as a general word for computer systems in an enterprise or organisation which provides information or details on firms business operations. Its also refers to the people who manage and maintain these systems. Furthermore, in a large corporation, MIS or the MIS department refers to a central or centrally-coordinated system of pc expertise and management, and entire network of computer resources in a business organization (firm). Body Background study of the organization Starbucks was first introduced in Seattles Pike Place Market in 1971. Back then, the company was called Starbucks Coffee, Tea ans Spices before change into what we have known today, Starbucks Coffee Company. Today, there are approximately 16, 706 Starbucks stores in 50 countries. The first ever Srabucks store in Malaysia opened on December 1998, located at KL Plaza, Jalan Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur. Later, there are more than 115 Starbacks stores in Malaysia.Basically, their buyers will travel to Africa, Asia and Latin America to choose only the best quality of arabica beans. These high quality beans will be sent for roasting and production. Starbucks experts then only combine the roasted beans with Italian style expresso beverages to produce different type of cold and hot coffee beverages. The famous products introduced by Starbucks company and mainly can be found in all of its stores include more than 30 blends single-origin premier arabica coffees. As for their own signature of handcrafted beverages such as hot and iced expresso beverage, coffee and non-coffee blended beverages Vivanno smoothies, Frappuccino bottled coffee or blended and premium ice creams with the and brewed coffee and also tea product,Tazo Tea. Merchandises are also offered by Starbucks are coffee mugs and accessories. Customers not only can enjoy sipping their high quality coffee beverage but also indulging on baked pastries, sandwiches and cakes. The company focuses in providing a relax, comfortable atmosphere with modern fittings. It is an ideal place for hanging out with friends and families, with entertainment magazines to read. Most of the Starbucks company offer free wi-fi for their customers, so it is a great advantage to business people discussing on their work or students doing some research for assignments/ projects. POS The Point of Sale System (POS) or front of house till system; in addition to regular register functions offers some functions to be accessed only by Store Manager(SM), Assistant Manager(ASM) and Shift Supervisor(SS), with the correct security level.The Point of sale consists in two touch screen tills used by deployed partners that need to insert their username and specific password before to start. From the Point of sale, managers can access different managers functions menu, such as paid in and Paid Out, and Refund to customers. These manager functions are security measures for cash management and inventory control in the store. Paid in and paid out occurs when money is taken from the till to buy items necessary for the store operations and/or any kind of emergency. Other functions such as Cash Skim, Void transactions or refunds occur when money is given back due to complaints or customers are returning faulty merchandise. The point of sale is used also to record wastage. In conclusion, most Point of sale functions are related to customer service, sales, refunds, discounts, voids.By ringing items through the tills, data such as time, customer transaction, quantity of food and drinks sold, quantity of wasted items, are transferred to the Management Work Station where data are stored, analysed and produced in form of reports, graphic, charts or diagrams. MWS (Manager Work System) The Manager Work Station can be accessed in the office where there is a computer connected to the intranet, a private communication channel for employees to access the organization network that resembles the internet. To access the system it is required to sign in with a password and the partners ID. The system recognises security level and allows accessing the function assigned to the security level. The normal partners can just access the time punching option, which is that function that record staff punches in and out for breaks and shift. A start of day and end of day is run into the system on a daily base. Shift managers can access cash management functions that are used to count tills, modify or correct transactions and to prepare daily bank deposit. A menu of available reports is available on a report menu. The Store manager can access these reports to track sales, find out customer transactions within different hours range, to check sale by product category, to record wastage, to carry a financial audit. All this information is relevant for Store Managers to identify business requirements and customer needs, to identify peak time in the store, to increase or amend product ordering, to control wastage and track stock and decide whether is necessary to cut labour. Managers can access staff information and personal details in the work station, they can insert new partners, terminate partners, maintain employee records, track employees training and process payroll. The payroll process transfers information to the support centre in order to pay partners. Store Manager and the shift supervisors can use the IRIS System to process electronic ordering for food, stationery, packaging. The IRIS System can also use e-mail set up for communicating with London Support centre and other stores within the district and others. Hardware Hardware components of the computer system used in Starbucks There are two types of modem: The speed touch cable modem and the ISDN (integrated services digital network) modem. The speed touch cable modem and the ISDN connect the store computer system to the STARBUCKS retail network. The Retail Network is the communication access between the store and the internet. This allows the management work station to send and receive large quantities of data and information. There is a wireless internet provided by T-mobile, which allows customers to connect to the wireless network. There are two pieces of equipment; the Cisco Router and the Cisco Wireless access point. Connected to the computer system there is a Printer used to print reports of any nature, and a cash scale which counts Cash in a faster way and more accurately, mainly it is used to count the tills and at the end of this process all data are send to the system. At the Point of sale there are two small printers where all receipts come out, and two (chip and pin) credit and debit card machines. To protect retailers, a new security system has been designed for cards which will use a smart chip. When customers pay using one of these cards, rather then signing a confidential security number (PIN) is entered. Further more, the starbucks firm, uses Intel based systems and fast Computers. In terms of functionality, the starbucks firm is bent on getting hardwares(PC) that have great and outstanding specifications to avoid slow down on business. A sample spec would be: A PC with 512 Memory or 1GB. And A flat screen monitor and processor speed of 2.40GHZ and a HDD of 150GB to 200GB. The company has a nac for greater heights that why its no surprise that starbucks is doing greatly well in terms of their ability to maintain their standards. Software OS (Operating System): As we all know, the I.T age is springing forth with lots of sotwares and technology all with the focus of improving the lifes of humans in all ramification of life. Having said that, the Starbucks company makes use of Windows based softwares for their computers which is categorized in the hardware section. They run applications that aid their business. Example POS, Excel and others. Excel is often used for their spreadsheet needs. When it comes to system software for driving their hardwares, they run windows xp or 7. POS Installing a Point of sale system software into your business can have as dramatic an effect on your retail, bar, concierge, or any other hospitality based business. The right POS system software will enable you to have a more precise level of control over your business operations thus increasing efficiency, boosting profits, and helping you fine-tune your business model. Incorporating the wrong system, however, can be a waste of time, monetary investments and a source of ongoing frustration. Switching from a traditional cash register or as we like to say over sized calculator to a streamline computerized POS software can be a bit of a headache if you do not research your options before buying a new system. There are many factors to consider and various pitfalls to avoid. However you will definitely be impressed with the R.O.I return on investment and benefits your business cannot do without. Thus implementing a POS system can make it worth your time and effort. In the most basic sense, a POS system is a cash register with all the bells and whistles of the new fast paced, internet streaming technological speed. Current themes and practices This Starbucks new idea of POS is currently available for all 6,800 Starbucks stores and Target locations across the US. The solution is not yet in place in Canada. For the uninitiated, the solution works as follows. Consumers download the Starbucks Card Mobile App to their mobile phone; be itiPhone or BlackBerry. Customers with a Starbucks stored value card (effectively a gift card) that is registered on the Starbucks website, enter the card number into their phone when the obtain the app, and that card number is stored. When consumers visit a store, they place their coffee order as usual, and indicate their desire to tender with their mobile. Consumers start the Starbucks Card Mobile App on their mobile and navigate to the payment screen so that a 2d barcode representing the consumers Starbucks card is displayed. The Starbucks associate, selects mobile as the tender in the POS, and prompts the consumer to use the customer facing imager (the same as those used in airports to read boarding passes). The consumer places their mobile device under the imager, the 2d barcode is read, and the POS treats the tender like a gift card, following the usual payment verification procedure. Once tender is complete, the customer obtains their coffee as usual. The discussion on electronic wallet is an industry favourite, and this development will certainly encourage more discussion on the subject and provide some much need experience. Im fully behind this initiative, but at present, this solution is very much a Starbucks specific solution, and it is not easily translatable to other retailers. While retailers can learn a great deal from the obvious careful thought that has gone into the solution, and we can look forward to others moving down this road as well. To clarify for consumers (and non-technical retail executives) who ask why other retailers dont have mobile payment schemes as yet, consider the following unique characteristics of the Starbucks situation that make a solution like this pay off. Use of Stored Value Card Very few retailers have a stored value card with the massive following and ongoing usage that Starbucks have. Effectively consumers are giving Starbucks their funds in advance in exchange for some very small benefits (free drink on your birthday, free pump of flavouring in your drink). Starbucks gets loyalty data on customers, and a nice balance of cash on hand. More relevant to the mobile payment solution, the Starbucks mobile phone application allows consumers to make a payment onto their stored value card, and the applications 2d barcode payment system is connected to that card. Connecting the mobile payment system to the stored value card means that Starbucks can take the risk of a payment system internally. Stored value are not subject to the same roadblocks, legislation, and scrutiny that building a mobile payment system that would access a credit card or a debit card would have. Using the stored value card simplifies implementation and sidesteps many complexities of payment systems like EMV and PCI. Cross Platform While Starbucks are very keen on the iPhone, they have not limited themselves to an iPhone app, but also provided an app for the other key smart phone users via the Blackberry App. Considering the corporate core of Blackberry users and how often meetings now take place in Starbucks stores, this is a wise move to maximize potential users. Given the number of Android Users and the recent release and growing use of Windows 7 Phone platforms, it would not be surprising to see the Starbucks Card App ported to those platforms as well, ensuring maximum potential usage. Valuable App With over 400,000 apps on iTunes, retailers need to make their app unique and useful. Ideally it pulls together the mobile and in store experience in some way. Starbucks has managed both. Any successful retailers mobile app needs something unique to it to encourage download, and having it on a consumers screen on a permanent basis. Customer Demographic Based on my experience, and what I have read in the media over the past few years, the average Starbucks consumer is more likely than average to be a tech-savvy iPhone or Blackberry user, and beyond that, the kind of user who would be comfortable with technology and placing a payment with their mobile. It is important that any solution put in front of a consumer by a retailer fit their target market. A savvy comfortable customer is more likely to use the app, and use it well, to speed transactions and drive convenience for them, and speed throughput for the retailer. Infrastructure Most Starbucks locations have 2 terminals. In order to leverage 2d barcodes, special imagers are required, and this means hardware investment. 2 lanes means only a $300-$400 investment per store for imaging hardware. Considering the potential value of transactions per store, this is a very low cost. The ROI would be far less attractive for a lower margin retailer with dozens of lanes in a store to deploy, as it would be key to have the imagers in every lane to simplify the process for consumers. Transaction Type The slowest portion of any retail transaction, and the most difficult to trim time from, is the tendering process. Given that in Starbucks transactions generally include a small basket size and the ordering time is relatively short, the value of an alternative payment is increased, as it is a greater proportion of the transaction. This value is increased further by the incredible traffic at Starbucks sites. Having many small transactions provides a boost to the ROI of the solution. No Mobile Device Handling In order for any sort of mobile payment solution to increase throughput and minimize operational complications, it is key to streamline the process of scanning the mobile device. Starbucks has done this via a customer facing scanner with very simple signage. This allows the consumer to place their phone in the scanning area with no need to pass the mobile device to a cashier. This simplifies the process by providing a consistent process, not only increasing the scan speed, but also avoiding the potential of store staff dropping or otherwise damaging a customers mobile device. Consumers are also more likely to use the mobile payment solution if they do not have to pass their mobile phone to a cashier, given how consumers increasingly consider the mobile device as a personal item. As with all solutions implemented by consumer facing organizations, ROI is key. Looking at the Starbucks solution, the costs of entry are probably not that high. A mobile app is relatively inexpensive and standalone compared to other point of sale solution implementations. Using the stored value card leverages electronic processes and databases already in place. The crucial part is operationalizing the solution, and that can be put in place for hundreds or low thousands per site. All in all, this is a relatively low cost solution with the potential for a high ROI in both funds, and in good will from consumers. Other retailers looking to implement such a solution would do well to observe what Starbucks have done, but note well that this is not a one size fits all solution. Any future implementers should be sure that the app suits their customer demographic, their transaction model, and has a way of dealing with the complexities of payment. Other solutions will arise, and it will be fa scinating to see what comes next. Evaluation: 4).Starbucks also runs a high scale of management in handling their I.T related issues. They are I.T aware such that, they have good network services. An example would be, Starbucks offers free WIFI Zone. An attraction for a customer on the move. The firm has VOIP services for communication with other chains around the globe. As we live in a net centric age, starbucks has made it a perfect fit, to incorporate most I.T business related schemes into their business. A good analyses on this comoany, would however show us that starbucks uses the I.T based things to builkd their customer range. It is however no secret that most competitors have based their examples on comoanys in the likes of Starbucks. Some practices in starbucks, include some discount sales issued by the management. A customer however sees this as a grand oppurtuinty to have a 50%(Percent) discount on whatever he buys and also enjoys free internet. This indeed is a wise practice. The Mgt Informaion system has in many ways, made things easy for staffs. Most messages to staffs are communicated via the network. As fore mentioned, starbucks uses intranets and internet(Voip). This helps in forwarding swift messages to workers in the company. This comoany also makes judicious use of their MIS by running web based adverts and all. The firm keeps its customers continuesly aware of products and new recipes that might be tried in a given time. Thus, their market base increases undoubtedly. Marketing Analysis: Retails: Recommendation: In my opinion having pratronised starbucks from time to time, i would suggest the following: Starbucks should try in purchasing a reasonably fast internet with low traffic. They should try to maintain their hardwares and try upgrades from time to time, to avoid being left out in the dark age of slow computing. They should employ staffs that are more I.T learned to avoid diffulty in system operations. They should embrace more of touch screen services. And what i mean is, buying gadgets(hardwares) that provide self service for each customer. The MIS should continually see to it that customers are intrigued by the brilliant I.T based services that Starbucks provide thus leaving the customers spell bound to return and purchase more items . They could also provide on screen advertisements for new generation hardwares this in itself, could be an avenue for starbucks to get paid for advertising for I.T firms in the cities and wherever . They could also make a web based system, that would enable customers to order online to ease driving out of the office at lunch. Conclusion: At this juncture, i would like to reiterate that it is of immense importance that the MIS in starbucks embraces more heightened technology hardwares to ease the work load and the number of staffs. We all in the world are aware of the generation of computers. This promises to be huge and phenomenal turn in every industry especially industries like starbucks. As we see Managements improve their information systems, it would be an important part for starbucks to play in their MIS. With an improved and well balanced MIS, starbucks has what it takes to battle up for the future even competitors. Time is of the essence for firms like starbucks this is because each day slips away and more upgrades are made to databases. To this end, i would beseech starbucks, to keep up the very good work and embrace a new era of improved management systems. Thus increasing their profit base and client base.

Aleander Hamilton Essay -- Biography Biographies

alexander hamilton Alexander Hamilton is among a group of men extolled as the founders of America. These framers, as they are best known, tend to be grouped, by modern Americans, into a single, homogeneous aggregate of people, with identical beliefs, political tactics, and goals. This generalization is far from reality, however. This is demonstrated in Forrest McDonald’s book, Alexander Hamilton: A Biography. Perhaps the most interesting part of the life of Alexander Hamilton was its first half. During this time, Hamilton formed many of the beliefs and practices that would guide the rest of his life and our nation, first, as the Secretary of the Treasury, and, later, as President of the United States of America. Hamilton’s early life can be divided into three main sections: his childhood, his education, and his public service. Hamilton was the son of a respectable French woman, Rachel Faucett, and a Scottish nobleman, James Hamilton. Alexander’s parents separated when he was two. His mother took custody of himself and his brother. Living in a single parent home, truly a rarity in the 18th century, young Hamilton was forced to labor tirelessly as a child to help support the family. It was this hard work, however, that gave Hamilton the work ethic that he would later so frequently employ. His mother died nine years later. Hamilton, thus, continued his pattern of self-reliance. Most revealingly, the boy longed for fame. This lust, a direct result of his ro...

ICT Package :: ICT Essays

Clear Problem: - Company: Doctors Surgery Relocating: Kingston Needs: To keep all the patients details on a computer data base with appropriate back up system. Real User: Dr Steer Accessibility: This is strictly confident to Dr Steer only Solution: - This is a small but established surgery but has decided to go paperless. We have grown over the years and can no longer rely on our manual papers because they are simply getting too big. The move to new premises means we can set up the ideal ICT package tailor made for our needs. 1. To keep a details of the patients. 2. To enable accurate details on the patient. 3. Easy to access it as well. Objectives: - 1. Create a patient detail list with any long term diseases or medical formalities. 2. I will use access to produce an easy program for the doctor to use. 4. To enable a quick analysis of the total number of hours worked in a week to see for eligibility of a pay rise. 5. The system is legible, we producible and at the end of the tax year can be used to make the company report and tax declaration. Analyse: - Hardware: I recommend any modern and up to date computer technology, such as Dell. They provide reliable machines with easy ability to upgrade and excellent support service. It will need to have a CD-RW and a ZIP drive to enable the data to be backed up. Software: I need a clear easy to use spreadsheet package. I feel the best is Excel. This choice is based on recommendations and research of other software. The advantages are it is simple, easy and reliable. I will use the most up to date version and Microsoft is constantly updating it. Input: The data clerk will produce and update the date every week. The data is entered via a keyboard and an accounting manager will audit the accounts monthly and do reconciliation. Output: The data entered will be shown on a TFT screen and stored to a CD or/and ZIP. This will be printed off using a laser printer and filled in an accounting folder. Back up- Strategy: The accounts will be needed to be backed up every Friday evening. This is to protect the data from being lost due to a power surge. It will be backed up on disk and be stored in a fireproof safe. Design: - Initial Design: I am going to have a sample table to put my data on. I will draw it in rough first (see enclosed) to see if my initial ideas would work. The columns are headed: Employee number First Name

Student Version of Decleration of Independence

When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for students to break off with their parents and teachers and to become independent; they must explain why they deserve to be independent to the rest of the world. This requires us, as students to write our own Declaration of Independence for the rest of the world to see and comprehend why we should be and will be independent to show our oppression against our teachers. To begin with, it is obvious that all students are created equal and are given by their creator the rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of whatever makes them happy.To get these rights, teachers should allow students do as they wish. However, when teachers begin a long train of mistreatment and machination against students with their communistic ways and Pearl Harbor sneak attacks with discipline it shows they only want to control every aspect of our lives. Do we not deserve respect? It is the duty and right of us sapient students to get rid of the control o ur fastidious teachers have over the students and our school.Furthermore, students have been very patient with the teachers and faculty of South Gwinnett High School, but with such a long history of mistreatment, headache and constant nagging from the staff it is only right that the rest of the world finds out what has been happening. It has rained so long, it seems as though it has rained for 40 days and nights. They give us repeated pointless referrals; they give us way too much work with no time to finish. Staff are constantly questioning students in the hallways and telling us what to wear.They tell us when we can or cannot use the restroom; they tell us that we only have six minutes to get to each class, which is not enough time. Our lockers are too small and our lunches are inedible. They refuse to let us go off campus for lunch, and they refuse to let us self-checkout anymore. They punish us if we do not make it to class on time by going to the tardy room, and they punish us for gratuitous reasons that were unfair and not our fault. Even after all of this mistreatment, the students including myself have expressed how we felt to our teachers.However, our complaints have fallen flat. And as usual we have been shunned and ignored. We have even brought our situation to the ears of administrators, teachers from different schools and parents, but we have been muted. A petition to ease the dictatorship of our teachers was refused by many. Some even attempted to post posters illustrating how the students felt. Students even tried going on strike, refusing to go to classes. Meetings to try and sit down with the faculty of South Gwinnett to discuss the matter were ignored as well.The betrayal was stern. Do we not deserve respect? Though, now we must announce that we are accommodating in this debauchery and separating ourselves from the school as a whole to become more independent and liberated. We, therefore the students and representative of South Gwinnett High School in Snellville Georgia present these facts to the rest of the country and the world for freedom. And with this, the students of South Gwinnett write and declare that we are now independent from South Gwinnett High School.

Factors of Chinese Art Market Essay

The Chinese possess the longest continuous cultural history of any of the peoples of the world (Sickman. L, 1968). In recent years, pushed by the huge economic growth in Asia, the fine art market rise sharply within Asia, especially China, changed the geographical structure of the global art market. The Chinese government set up some preferential policies to promote the fine art market because they see the great economic potential in this flied. In 2011, China has a 49% growth of artworks in auction revenue, becoming the first global marketplace for the sale of art. Although the transaction volume of China (10.8%) was behind USA and France, the auction revenue (41.4%) was the first of the world (Artprice, Trend of art market 2011) . This means China is becoming the central of high price fine art market. In 2011, a painting with calligraphy which was painted by Qi Baishi, †Eagle Standing on Pine Tree; Four-Character Couplet†¦Ã¢â‚¬  was sold for 4.255 Yuan(about 65 million US dollars) in Beijing by China Guardian auction company, a record high for contemporary and modern Chinese paintings and calligraphy(China Guardian Auctions). As Chinese fine art market growing quickly in last few years, more and more researches and studies have been done by both Chinese and other foreign people, this essay will focus on some factors behind the market and analysis how the factors influence the Chinese fine art market. And the analysis can be dividing into four sections, cultures, history events and policies, buyers and marketing channels. First of all, this essay is going to find out the difference between the western countries people and the Chinese people in culture of collecting aspect and work of art aspect. There is some strong culture which is really to be changed in any country and this will completely change the way people treat art works in a country. Just because people treat art works differently, every country’s fine art market culture is unique, and this can influence the market automatically. For example when Chinese people selling antiques, they always leave a large gap between the quote and the deal price to wait buyers to bargain because Chinese people believe buyers will feel happy and they have brought the antique in a cheaper price. Secondly, history events and policies linkage to the Chinese fine art market will be mentioned. Through the history events (such as the reform and open up in 1978 and joining the WTO in 2001) and policies (like import and export trading policies) to analysis how these events and changes influence the Chinese fine art market. A cultural repatriation has been in the spotlight a great deal from 2000, with the sale of the Yuan Ming Yuan bronze fountainheads, then the Chinese government has attach more importance to the fine art trade after it(Wang. A, 2012). Actually, modern Chinese fine art market starts after the reform and open up in 1978 and today becoming the first place of the marketplace for the sale of art. Also according the Tariff implementation plan 2012 of China, the import duty of art work decreased from 12% to 6% (General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China), this promoted the fine art market, in the first half of 2012, the trading amounts reach 210.8 billion Yuan (Ministry of Culture of the People’s Republic of China), which means China has been overtaken the USA, becoming the top art market. Then, this paper will explore different kinds of buyers and find out their purchasing intention. In this section, it will be a case study about the different buyers by having an interview with an antiquary and a staff of an international auction company. Antique buyers have different purchasing intention; some of them are shop holders or agencies buying art works for selling, some of them are art fanciers buying art works for collecting, some of them buying art work as investment, and there are some people just want to show their social status or financial position through buying expensive art works. Through the interview, more purchasing intention will carry out so that it will be more clear that how different buyers can influence the fine art market all around the world differently. The last section of this essay will talk about the marketing channels aspect. Chinese antiques can be seen in auction houses, trade fairs, art galleries, fine art shops all around the world(Artprice, Trend of art market 2011), People come together to appreciate or buy antiques. Furthermore, some private trade happens a lot without noticed by the mass. Different marketing channels have its own characteristics and price levels so that it could attract its own target audience. Although the market of Chinese antiques is growing in a very high speed, some scholars still have some issues to worry. As Audrey Wang mentioned (2012), some speculators believed that Chinese art market is an indomitable force and become the first place in volumes of sale of fine art. On the other hand, sceptics claim that the current trend as merely a bubble and today’s China is not ready yet to experience a full economic cycle of growth and decline. When a group of Chinese curio dealer visit the 25th of TEFAF which hold in the Nederland, they were not only shocked by the fine art work’s quality and authenticity, but also the seller’s integrity and normative. When they ask for some background and information about an antique, the vendor just read from the testimonial but not making an attractive story. The Chinese fine art market is still not mature because more standard rules or policies are needed. Lastly, the high speed growth of the Chinese fine art market might cause some mislead about the art. Quite a lot of people will regard high price as high quality in the fine art market, this is completely a misunderstanding for the art works. Therefore some scholars argue that the great growth could destroy the culture and art, this will be also discussed in this essay. Bibliography: Sickman, L (1968) The Art and Architecture of China, Yale University Press, London Wang, A (2012) Chinese Antiquities, an introduction to the art market, Lund Humphries, Surrey. TEFAF https://www.tefaf.com/ Artprice, Trend of art market 2011 http://imgpublic.artprice.com/pdf/trends2011_en.pdf (2013-01-07) China Guardian Auctions http://english.cguardian.com/ (2013-01-07) Ministry of Culture of the People’s Republic of China http://www.chinaculture.org/index.html (2013-01-07) General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China http://english.customs.gov.cn/tabid/47800/Default.aspx (2013-01-07)